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Plain Silk versus Gilt Sylke Twist

Another question from the comments:

Could you guestimate how much of the embroidery is done using plain silk vs. gilt twist?
Does there seem to be a pattern as to what made the original embroiderers use the gilt rather than the plain?- Phil

Tricia responds:

I am just loving this blog as it is allowing us all to interact with questions about the embroidery. One of the recent questions was about how much of the jacket is stitched in gilt sylke twist and does there seem to be any rhyme or reason to the choices.

Of the motifs, all the major flower motifs are stitched either 100% or mostly in gilt sylke twist. None of the leaves are stitched with it. The bird is in silk and the butterflies are stitched in silk with the detached wing in gilt sylke twist. The worms are either gilt sylke twist or a mix of the two. The peapods have a silk underlayer and a gilt sylke twist detached layer.

Overall, if something was in detached buttonhole it was done in gilt sylke twist, unless it was a leaf. This composite silk-metal thread wasn’t used for any of the knot (braid) stitch, which was found in the wings of the bird, or trellis stitch that is used in several motifs, including the body of the bird and butterfly.

If you think about the above, all the major elements except the bird are mostly in gilt sylke twist and would shimmer. The supporting elements, which are the leaves, are not and would be a good matte contrast. The only exception was the bird which is done in trellis stitch, a stitch that doesn’t lend itself well to GST. In the original jacket, it seems that the wire was actually silver and so there would have been a contrast between the shimmer of the major motifs and the plaited braid vines which were in silver-gilt.

Tricia

Comments on the Comments

Some interesting conversations have been happening in the comments lately. I decided to bring them to the main blog so no one would miss any information. 

Also, I wanted to let you know that over the last several weeks this blog has been the target of spam comments, lots of them. Rich, Plimoth’s patient and hugely helpful web guy, has been deleting them in batches of a couple hundred at least a few times a week. He’s working on a permanent alternative, which may involve closing the comments for a while. We both feel that’s a last resort, but this nonsense is really getting out of hand. The comments won’t close permanently, and if you try to comment and can’t, just send a message to me at work and I’ll post your comment in the next blog. jhall@plimoth.org 

In the top photo of the red petal, (January 7th post) what is the area at the base of the photo that looks as if gold wire has been wrapped many times around the edge of the motif? Is it on the thread, or was it worked onto the edge of the design before stitching the filling? – Mary C 

The bunched up gold in the picture is my first stitching and I didn’t notice that I broke the wire on that reverse chain stitch (so it bunched) until I had worked so much detached buttonhole. I would have taken that one stitch out otherwise. – Tricia 

Hi – I’m in Australia. Is it at all possible to get a kit sent here (if there are any left)? I’ve had a friend recommend the kit as being the best introduction to Elizabethan embroidery.
Do you take Paypal? – Megan

We definitely have kits left, and are happy to send them to Australia, or anywhere else. Tricia did her usual fantastic job with the instructions. They are almost like an intensive class. We don’t take Paypal, unfortunately, but we do take MasterCard, Visa and Discover, as well as checks. Please send requests for kits and payments to Kathy Roncarati, kroncarati@plimoth.org or 508-746-1622 X 8114. 

To answer a similar question, we have plenty of room left in stitching sessions scheduled for February and March. To sign up for a session, please email me at jhall@plimoth.org 

I suspect we will be continuing to embroider into May (another question). I haven’t scheduled sessions that far ahead both because I’m waiting to see Plimoth Plantation’s public programs calendar (avoiding conflicts) and I want to check Tricia’s availability. – Jill 

May I ask how the thread (gilt sylke twist) will be released to the general public? Will the "left overs" from the jacket be sold through Plimoth Plantation, or will it be sold through needlework retailers? – Mary C 

The threads will be sold through Thistle Threads and Plimoth Plantation. Keep checking each for updates on when available. At some point, it will become available to all embroidery stores. Mostly, I have been buying up all of it as it gets made for the Plimoth project and a class to be held in February – so extra is limited at the moment and we just need to make sure that there is enough of the few limited colors before they go for general sale. Plus the final pricing (see earlier blog) must be finished. International readers can also buy through the two ‘vendors’ (via web) as soon as we go live. – Tricia

Jill/Tricia for the sheer pleasure of watching the jacket progress and for the fascinating insights into the whole project, I have tagged this blog for the You Make My Day Award. 

I don’t expect you to follow up in the usual way but I really wanted to include you on my list.  – Coral-seas 

Thank you very much! It is so important (to me especially, I think) to know how many people are enjoying the blog. I had to go look up what this is, and what is the usual response. What a nice thing. I think what I will do is post links here to blogs readers of the Embroiderers’ Story might find interesting. It’s something I’m always meaning to do, and actually have done a couple of times, but have not been consistent with. I’ll be inspired by your comment and try harder! 

For some questions I need to get answers from Tricia, who has been bogged down over the last few weeks by her day job AND by not one but TWO computers that crashed. We can all sympathize there. I’ll post answers and more information soon. Tricia’s computer woes also delayed the production of the lace kits – we were all sending corrections to the instructions to her so she could work her stylish magic. The lace kits will begin going out tomorrow.

Sourcing Silk

Tricia writes:
My conversations with Bill had not yet come up with a weight of flat (floss) silk to use for the core of the gilt sylke twist. Again all these terms are difficult, there are many ways to measure the size of a silk thread. Tex and Denier are two of the most common. But those numbers aren’t often on the end of a silk tube so we didn’t have any reference points to work with. I figured we would start with an easily available source and then work from there to narrow in on what we needed to use.

flat silksThere are two commercially available untwisted silk threads dyed in a range of colors that I am aware of. One is the fantastic line sourced by the Japanese Embroidery Center in Georgia and the other is the Soie Ovale line from Au Ver a Soie in Paris, France. Since we were already using Au Ver a Soie threads on the project, it was a natural decision to try their version first. At least we might not have to involve another continent in the transatlantic engineering fun!

A problem appeared right away, the Soie Ovale line is dyed in the color set for Soie d’Alger and Soie Paris.  But we were working with Soie Perlee on the project.  So we couldn’t just translate the colors one-to-one.  UGGG.  There are technical reasons why this is – but this is not a place for that discussion. Needless to say the color matching was one more challenge to overcome! But before that, we needed to figure out if the silk could be used at all. So a call to Lamora Haidar at Access Commodities (the exclusive distributor of Au Ver a Soie in the USA) was required.

Not many of you know Lamora, but if you love fine embroidery, you may owe her a debt of gratitude. Lamora is a passionate lover of fine historic embroidery and will often extend her business in ways that are truly irrational to save or re-establish a source for fine materials. I have truly appreciated her collaboration in the past to import materials I wanted to use and teach with and put them out there in easier-to-use packaging and US pricing.

I called Lamora as I knew from other ‘secrets’ we had been discussing, that she would be a willing partner in this folly. Lamora was excited and hopeful that my experiments with Bill would be successful. We also started the discussions – otherwise known as ‘horse trading’ that would be necessary to get this off the ground. Without going into extreme detail, you should know that business is business, no matter how ‘cool’ remaking something will be. If you haven’t ever manufactured something and gotten it through customs and figured out how to package it, well, you may naively think it is easy.

So we needed to think about “IF” it worked, who would buy the silk? How much would be manufactured? Would dyeing runs be made? Timing? Who would reel the finished silk off onto little spools?  Would it go commercial? Would it be too expensive? Would there be a market for it??? Or should it just be a special run just for the project? Horse trading.

Tricia

How Much?

Tricia continues the story:

This is a question I still don’t have the greatest answer to, although with the record keeping we are doing on the project, we will at the end. So how to estimate the amount of thread you need to make of each color on a project of this magnitude. Wow. We had anticipated this at the beginning when I did the time trial. I kept a record of the length of thread I used for the trial and what stitch I was doing and where. 

So I had the beginnings of a database that I could use to estimate amounts. I entered this data into a spreadsheet and then took our master pattern and estimated area of each color on each motif. Using the data, I could calculate the amount of thread per inch of detached buttonhole. Then this number was imputed as a multiplier for the estimated area of each motif as a function of color. (At this point I usually smile, and nod, and hope she doesn’t think I’m a complete idiot. – jmh) 

Phew. Is that enough math talk for you??? (Yes.) Instead of doing it for each and every color, I chose the most prevalent color and estimated that. This would form a maximum that we could manufacture against. I assumed I could make good use of extra thread (i.e. Stash!) After all this data crunching, I came up with a minimum of 500 meters of each color would be needed. Now that’s not trivial and got Bill’s attention.

For the number of colors, I had to go back to Susan North (Costume curator at the V&A). Susan was very kind and took the jacket out of storage and went over it to answer my questions. I gave her a list of what colors I thought each motif was worked in and if I thought it was a wire wrapped silk or not. She verified and corrected my list. She also surmised from the look of the wire that it was silver. We don’t know for sure as it hasn’t been analyzed, but it does make sense as it would have been a nice contrast to the gold stems. She also thought it might be a round wire and not a very thin strip of metal (a flattened wire). I have seen both in the past. 

We came up with eight colors that needed to be made. Red, pink, yellow, cream, white, blue, dark blue, and green.  (In the end we made seven for the jacket and one fun color that wouldn’t be used on the jacket. We decided mid-stream that we would not make both white and cream.)

Now for the silk source…

Tricia

Do You Speak English?

Tricia writes tonight, continuing the thread development story. Check also her comments in answer to other comments, on twist direction and thread availability.

An old adage in my field is to fail often to succeed – you saw the proof of that the last few nights.  Now to convince Bill to make the threads that I now knew he had to make!

I swear that I must have spent a few hundred dollars in phone calls and many emails talking to Bill and trying to understand his requirements for the colored silk which would form the core of the thread.  In my ‘other life’ I design threads not too far off this for some very unusual new technologies, so I knew what was possible technically.  Bill kept insisting that we needed "floss silk" and I kept trying to understand how many twists per inch he needed in the base silk and what denier (a unit of measure of yarn size) so I could go off and try to source raw stock.  I hadn’t even thought about dyeing yet! 

FINALLY I sent over some emails with drawings and we realized that we were being confused by each other’s terms.  Not only was I using textile terminology used in industrial textiles (high performance fibers such as ballistic fibers) and he was referring to terms used for historic textiles/home textiles – but the words for some of the same items are different in British English versus American English.  Thank goodness for the internet and drawings!  Apparently Floss Silk = Filament Silk = Flat Silk = Tow of Silk.  Wow, now we had something I could try to find and send him samples for sizing evaluation. 

Bill had lots of questions for me too, every manufacturer has to evaluate an opportunity to see if it will be worth the effort.  In this industry there are many more requests than he can fulfill and most of the time when the question ‘how much do you need’ comes up – the answer is ‘a few feet’.  So he asked me how much and how many colors.  Really good questions and ones I didn’t have any answers for except – A LOT.  So I would need to figure this out along with finding a silk source in order to convince him to spend the time.  And the time was ticking down to the start of the stitching! 

Tricia

Across the Pond

Tricia continues the story of the research & development that led to the production of gilt sylke twist.

At the time we were starting this project, I was aware of only four authentic western style gold thread makers in the world: one in Spain, one in France and two in England. I am now familiar with one in Germany/Italy. I had regularly been working with the two English companies and had recently collaborated with Golden Threads to remake some threads for some of my teaching projects. 

I contacted both Benton and Johnson and Golden Threads and explored if they would be amenable to remaking this thread. If you want to get a better idea of what the thread looked like – check the close pictures of the jacket on the V&A website. While Benton and Johnson was understandably hesitant, Bill Barns (Golden Threads) was willing to talk. Bill pointed out to me that the gilt wire wasn’t that much of a problem to source, but the silk thread base was something that he couldn’t source. 

Understanding that, I set to thinking about the problem. About this time, I was working on a project using the gilt purls (also called bullions) that these companies make. These are small springs made with very thin gilt wire. I was stitching them down to the project by threading a silk thread and needle through the center of the purl. Well, sometimes the wire end catches on the silk and well, stretches. 

Sometimes when you have a ‘problem’ you are working on, a happy accident will show you a way. This was one of these times. When the purl stretches along the silk, it looks like the thread I was trying to convince Bill to make. Hmmmm….could that be a solution? It would certainly be much easier to buy a lot of gilt purl and then thread a thick silk thread of whatever color we wanted through the middle and then stretch the purl out over the silk. Each stitcher could make their threads 12-14 inches at a time. It could solve our silk sourcing problem and would be an economic solution too!

Next time – the experiments.

Tricia

Blue and the beginning of something wonderful

Tricia wrote this for me, as I’m supposed to be on vacation. Over several days she’ll be telling us the story of the development of the gilt sylke twist threads. I was there through this process, and I’m finding it fascinating reading! I hope you enjoy the story as much. JMH

BlueWe had a wonderful event last week at the session – we added the first blue colors to the jacket. As you can see in the photo, we are working on the cornflowers using the two new gilt sylke twist colors. It looks lovely!

I promised before Thanksgiving that I would tell the story of this wonderful thread, an odyssey that has been a semi-secret for almost a year now. Well, it all started with the first meeting at Plimoth between myself and the staff and John, the director of the museum. We were talking about the threads that would be needed for the project and I pointed out in some of the photographs that many of the threads used in this time period are composite threads. Composite threads are those that combine two or more materials.  You are familiar with gold threads – a flat strip of metal wrapped around a core (silk, cotton, or linen) such that the wraps touch and you don’t see any of the core. Well, there were a wide variety of threads that were made, some of which I have pointed out in earlier blogs.  In particular, many of the jackets are embroidered with a silk thread wrapped with a very thin wire such that much of the silk shows. The effect of doing detached buttonhole with this type of threads would be that the flowers would appear sprinkled with glitter. John and the staff were mesmerized by this description.

Well, John asked me if it was possible to get some of these threads so we could be accurate with our reproduction. I told him that they weren’t made anymore. Well, he laid down the gauntlet and asked if it was possible to have them made.  As both an engineer and historic embroidery teacher, I have been working towards getting many of these threads made again. Usually it involves a great deal of effort to provide an economic reason and to solve raw material sourcing problems with a manufacturer you are working with. I was thrilled that he was committed to accuracy for this project and promised that I would see ‘what it would take’ and give it a try.

Trying to have an entire line of threads remade at the beginning of a big embroidery project is crazy. Very crazy.  It is better to start out with all your materials ready and in your hands so your progress can move forward.  But this was one of those ‘once in a lifetime’ opportunities. The project held the potential to give that ‘economic reason’ to the manufacturers of gold threads. We would need a great deal of thread and thus it might be worth their while to figure it out.

Tomorrow – tests and trials

Tricia

December Session

decdayoneThe December session is over; everyone has gone home. We were small in number this time, but you could never tell that by how much was accomplished. Here’s Tricia talking with Cheryl S on the first day.

The second picture is Sharon, who earned the title ‘trefoil queen’ by completing at least four of the complicated multi-colored, 3-leaf motifs during this session. Even more impressive is that she left early the first day due to illness. Oh, and she also stitched an entire cornflower – calyx and all. Whew. In the background of this picture is Alison, whose move to Atlanta was prompted by just the sort of storm we had here yesterday.

decdayone2-1

Here’s Melanie Anne, whose friends wanted pictorial proof of how she’s been spending all her free time lately. Melanie Anne’s from Maine. They get lots of snow.

decmelanie

Safe travels home, everyone.

Watch us on TV!

Tricia writes:

If you remember, Needle Arts Studio with Shay Pendray filmed our first embroidery session back in June. The episode is going to start airing in the next few weeks at a few stations around the country. The episode is #1710. The first airing that I tracked down was in the KPBT PBS viewing area (Midland, Texas) on December 23rd at 2:30pm. For those of you reading the blog with access to this area, please watch and tell us if we look fat.

shay_stitchOk, seriously let us know how the episode plays out.  Or even better, maybe someone with a VCR will send us a Christmas present.  :-)

We will be trying to find a more efficient way to determine when this episode will air on the over 230 stations that Needle Arts Studio plays. Currently there doesn’t seem to be a good way to search on PBS or the Needle Arts website for episode and station. You can check your own PBS station or Cable provider to see if the next two weeks of episodes are listed.
There is also this funky website which seems to be for TV statistic researchers.
On the lower right, the stations that carry the programs and regions are shown. On the left, the “Most Recent Episode” column displays the episodes playing in the current two weeks. If you click on “Most Recent Episode” you will be taken to a eye-blurring table of episode number, station, region and date/time. So you can search for your area, especially if you didn’t think it was shown in your area. Unfortunately, I wasn’t able to find a better way to search.
The news for those of us in the Boston area is that WGBH CREATE is showing the series. News to me! It seems to be about a 1/2 season behind. It shows at 4:30am and 10:30am on some Fridays, Saturdays, and Mondays.
Tricia

Other Columbines

These drawings were sent in by Libbet (thanks Libbet). She copied them from some period representations of columbines. These, to me, look much more like a columbine, but maybe it is only because they show a side view. If the motif on the jacket is a different perspective, that might account for it.

libbetscolumbines